I. Introduction Ecosystem dynamics refers to the complex interactions between living organisms...

Introduction Coastal protection is a critical aspect of environmental management, aimed at...

Introduction The circular economy is a transformative concept aimed at creating a...

Introduction Microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, and viruses, are often invisible...

I. Introduction Algal biofilms are complex communities of algae and microorganisms that...

Introduction Algae are a diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that play a...