Introduction Urbanization, the transformation of rural or undeveloped areas into urban environments,...

I. Introduction Algae, a diverse group of photosynthetic organisms, play a crucial...

Introduction Ecosystems, the dynamic complexes of plant, animal, and microorganism communities interacting...

I. Introduction Definition of Ecosystems Ecosystems are dynamic networks of living organisms...

Pollution, a byproduct of industrial and human activities, presents a major threat...

Wetlands are among the most vital and diverse ecosystems on Earth. They...

Introduction Marine ecosystems encompass a diverse range of environments within the world’s...